Index to Nihongo Notes 1-8

The following list is an index to all the words and phrases discussed in Nihongo Notes 1-8, by Osamu and Nobuko Mizutani, as well as words and phrases discussed in Ronald Suleski and Hiroko Masada's Affective Expressions in Japanese and Akira Miura's Japanese Words and Their Uses. The codes used for the books are as follows:

    AE      Affective Expressions in Japanese: A Handbook of Value-Laden Words in Everday English.
      Ronald Suleski & Hiroko Masada, The Hokuseido Press, Tokyo 1982.

    JW     Japanese Words and Their Uses.
      Akira Miura, Charles E. Tuttle Company, Tokyo, 1983.

    N1     Nihongo Notes 1: Speaking and Living in Japan.
      Osamu & Nobuko Mizutani, The Japan Times, Tokyo, 1977.

    N2     Nihongo Notes 2: Expressing Oneself in Japanese.
      Osamu & Nobuko Mizutani, The Japan Times, Tokyo, 1979.

    N3     Nihongo Notes 3: Understanding Japanese Usage.
      Osamu & Nobuko Mizutani, The Japan Times, Tokyo, 1980.

    N4     Nihongo Notes 4: Understanding Communication in Japanese.
      Osamu & Nobuko Mizutani, The Japan Times, Tokyo, 1981.

    N5     Nihongo Notes 5: Studying Japanese in Context.
      Osamu & Nobuko Mizutani, The Japan Times, Tokyo, 1983.

    N6     Nihongo Notes 6, Situational Japanese 1.
      Osamu & Nobuko Mizutani, The Japan Times, Tokyo, 1984.

    N7     Nihongo Notes 7, Situational Japanese 2.
      Osamu & Nobuko Mizutani, The Japan Times, Tokyo, 1986.

    N8     Nihongo Notes 8, Situational Japanese 3.
      Osamu & Nobuko Mizutani, The Japan Times, Tokyo, 1987.

    A, atta, atta.......N1/127
    aa-yuu......N7/8
    Aa, soo (yuu wake)-ka.......N2/21
    Aa, soo-desu-ka.......N8/93
    Aa, soo-ka.......N1/84-5
    abunai (dangerous)......JW/14
    .accent......N6/128
    .accepting a compliment......N7/40
    .accepting an invitation......N7/74-5
    .accepting an offer of help......N8/100-1
    .adopting children's terms......N7/125
    .adverbs anticipating a negative statement......N8/78-9
    .advice, expressions of......N8/54-5, 64-5
    agaru (to go up)......JW/14
    ageru......N4/24, N3/62-3, N8/34-5
    -ageru (suffix)......N8/134-5
    aisuru (to love)......JW/15
    aite......N3/12-3
    aite-ni-suru......N3/13
    aizuchi......N1/15, N4/39, N5/47, N6/81, N7/19,96-7,142-, N8/98-9
    aizuchi-/giver......N7/128-9
    aizuchi-bijin......N7/142-3
    aizuchi-no uchikata......N1/112-3
    akachan (baby)......JW/15
    akachan vs. akanboo......N5/118-9, N8/34
    Akemashite omedetoo-gozaimasu.......N1/52-3
    Akemashite omedetoo gozaimasu. (Happy New Year!)......JW/16
    akumade (completely, totally, stubbornly, to the l......AE/1
    amai (sweet)......JW/17
    amari (too, excessively)......JW/17
    anata......N1/28-9
    anata (you)......JW/19
    anata /unnecessary......N7/128-9
    Anata-wa?......N7/128
    ane (older sister)......JW/20
    ani (older brother)......JW/21
    anna......N6/150-1, N7/8-9
    ano......N6/150-1
    ano-ne......N1/79, N7/10-1, 26
    anoo......N1/78-9, N2/106-7, N7/10-1, 26
    anoo vs. eeto......N8/110-1
    .answering with phrases......N7/118-9
    aoi (blue)......JW/21
    .apologies for calling......N8/94-5
    .apologizing for being late......N7/72-3
    .apology (nonverbal)......N2/38-9
    .apology about previous meetings......N6/12-3
    .apology for being a poor speaker......N4/92-3
    apology, expressions of......N8/50-1
    .approving the good points that the other person h......N8/36-7
    .approximate number, expressions of......N8/90-1
    are (Are-o motte-kite)......N1/40-1
    are (that)......JW/22
    are-deshoo-ne......N5/88-9
    ...areru (respect)......N6/66-7
    ariawase......N6/51
    Arigatoo-gozaimashita.......N2/112-3, N6/38
    Arigatoo gozaimasu. (Thank you)......JW/24
    aru (to be, to have)......JW/25
    aru /used for human beings......N8/116-7,136-7
    aruku (to walk)......JW/26
    arya......N6/68
    asa (morning)......JW/27
    (...s)asete-itadaku......N4/25
    ashi (foot, leg)......JW/28
    ashita (tomorrow)......JW/28
    .asking for instructions......N6/58-9, N8/142-3
    .asking for instructions or permission......N8/154-5
    .asking how to read someone's name in kanji......N8/143
    .asking someone for advice......N8/58-9
    .asking someone to return a phone call......N6/32-3
    .asking someone's name......N8/150
    .asking someone's wishes politely......N6/59
    .asking to move over (nonverbal)......N2/8-9
    .asking to repeat......N2/96-7
    asobu (to play)......JW/29
    atama (head)......JW/30
    atatakai ([pleasantly] warm)......JW/30
    atatakai vs. atsui......N2/78
    ato-de kekkoo-desu-kara......N2/32-3
    atsui (hot)......JW/31
    atsui (thick)......JW/32
    Atsuku narimashita-ne.......N1/100-1
    .attributing the merit to someone else......N6/91
    au (to see, to meet [someone])......JW/33
    .avoiding long modifiers......N7/18-9
    azukaru......N1/82
    -ba vs. -n-nara......N8/70-1
    bai-bai......N4/79, N6/15
    bakari (sen-en-bakari)......N1/20-1, N5/112-3
    ban (evening, night)......JW/35
    ban-gohan (evening meal)......JW/35
    banzai......N8/96-7
    batan......N6/141
    .before accepting an offer......N8/152-3
    .being accepted as a foreigner......N7/41
    .being hurt in a fall......N6/48-9
    beki......N7/68-9
    .belittling one's gift......N6/30-1
    benjo (toilet)......JW/36
    benkyoo (study)......JW/36
    Benkyoo-ni narimashita.......N1/134-5
    biyooin vs. byooin......N1/107
    boke-tto (shite-iru)......N8/63
    boku (I, me)......JW/37
    boo-tto (shite iru)......N8/63
    botsu-botsu......N4/28-9
    botsu-botsu vs. soro-soro......N4/28-9
    .bowing......N2/39, N4/82-3, N6/8-9, 80, 131
    bukka (prices)......JW/38
    bura-bura (shite-iru)......N8/62-3
    Bura-bura shite-imashita.......N1/92-3
    bura-bura-suru......N6/93
    bura-bura vs. buru-buru......N2/87
    byooki......N3/94-5, N8/82-3
    byooki (sick, sickness)......JW/38
    .calling a waitress' attention......N6/23
    .calling just before one's visit......N6/24
    .causative form......N8/40-1
    .celebrating a victory......N8/96-7
    -cha......N7/34-5
    -cha iru-kedo......N7/44
    -chan......N2/138
    chan-to......N6/88-9
    -chan vs. -san......N3/43
    .change, expressions indicating......N7/54-5
    .changes in the meaning of words......N6/64-5
    ...chatta......N4/126-7
    -chatta......N7/34
    -chatta (Mata shippai-shichatta)......N1/122
    .checking the listener's understanding......N2/70-1
    .chef's recommendation......N6/23
    chichi (father)......JW/39
    Chigaimasu.......N5/10-1
    chigau (to be different, to be incorrect)......JW/40
    chiisai toki......N1/103
    choodai-itashimasu......N8/49
    choosen (Korea)......JW/40
    choosha (the author)......JW/41
    chooshi......N8/84
    chooshi-ga warui......N3/14-5
    chotto......N1/58, 96-7, N6/22, N7/11, 133, N8/79
    chotto (a little)......JW/41
    chotto sono hen-made kimashita-node......N2/110-1
    Chotto sono hen-made mairimashita-node.......N6/24
    Chotto tsugoo-ga warui-node.......N3/95
    Chotto yooji-ga atte.......N3/95
    chuunen-no otoko......N6/132
    .classroom Japanese......N5/116-7, N6/58, 59
    .common sayings......N6/154-5
    .complaining about one's health......N3/14-5
    .complaints about the weather, heat......N7/108-9
    .completing someone's unfinished statement......N6/81
    .compliment on a foreigner's Japanese......N6/42
    .complimenting the host......N5/32
    .compliments......N6/11
    .compliments, accepting......N7/40
    .compliments, responding to......N7/30-1
    .condolences......N2/39
    .confirmation, expressions of......N8/66-7
    .connecting two sentences......N7/36-7, 62-3
    .consent, expressions of......N8/26-7
    .context......N6/133
    .continued topic......N7/100-1
    .contracted forms......N6/106-7, N7/34-5
    .conversation opening......N6/10-1, 42
    .conveying a message......N6/34-5, 82-3, N7/58-9
    .conveying someone's order......N7/93
    .counter for people......N8/28-9
    .counters......N2/98-9
    .counters, uses of......N8/74-5
    .criticizing politely......N2/117
    "d" sound (edo vs. ero)......N1/99
    ...-da-to omoimasu......N8/11
    ...dageru......N7/35
    daigaku (college, university)......JW/42
    daiji-ni suru......N3/144-5
    daijoobu......N8/152
    daijoobu (all right)......JW/43
    dakara......N4/112-3
    dake......N4/75
    dake (only)......JW/44
    dake (sanjippun-dake)......N1/110-1
    ...dake-no koto-wa aru......N4/75
    dame-desu......N7/126-7
    dane vs. ne......N7/94
    .dangling tone......N6/69, N7/119, 133
    dareka......N7/20-1
    ...dasu......N6/112-3
    ...dasu vs. ...hajimeru......N6/112-3
    datte......N2/26-7
    de.........N7/62-3
    ...de ii-desu......N5/22-3, 76-7
    ...de ii-kara......N3/82-3
    ...de ii vs. ...ga ii......N2/134
    ...de irasshaimasu......N5/130-1
    ...de irasshaimasu-ka vs. ...de irasshaimasen-ka......N7/23
    ...de irassharu (replacing desu)......N8/44-5
    ...de itte-imashita......N4/45
    ...de vs. ...ni......N8/116-7
    ...de yokattara......N3/142-3
    ...de yonda......N4/47
    De, kyoo-wa.........N2/114-5, N6/20
    .declining an offer of help......N6/36-7
    dekakeru (to go out)......JW/45
    Dekinai wake-ja arimasen-kedo.........N3/84-5
    dekiru (to come about, to be able to)......JW/46
    -demo......N6/146-7
    demo (Ocha-demo nomimasen-ka)......N1/94-5
    demo amari osoku naru-to......N2/56-7
    demo ojama-deshoo-kara......N2/49
    Demo, moo naremashita.......N1/143
    Demo, sore-dewa.......N8/152-3
    .denial, strong......N6/116-7
    densha ([electric] train)......JW/48
    denwa (telephone)......JW/48
    denwa-ga kakatte-kuru......N5/141
    Denwa-ga tookute yoku kikoemasen......N3/147
    deru (to go out, to leave, to graduate)......JW/49
    deru vs. dekakeru......N5/106-7
    .describing being hurt in a fall......N6/48-9
    .describing headache......N6/46-7
    .describing stomachache......N6/44-5
    (o) ...deshita-ka......N6/124-5
    ...deshita-ne......N2/83
    ...desho(o)?......N5/82-3
    (o) ...deshoo-ka......N6/125
    ...deshoo-ka vs. ...desu-ka......N8/8-9
    (o) ...desu-ka......N6/124-5
    ...desu-mono......N2/27
    desu-mono......N6/96-7
    ...desu-ne......N2/52-3
    desu-ne......N7/27
    Desu-ne /used as an answer......N5/92-3
    ...desu-no......N3/47
    ...desu /used for explaining and reporting......N5/84-5
    Desu, Deshoo, Deshita /used as an answer......N5/144-5
    dewa......N2/18-9
    Dewa, kore-de.......N6/16
    Dewa, kore-de shitsuree-shimasu.......N6/25
    .dialects......N2/144-5
    .different attitude on the speaker's part......N6/76-7
    .dissapointment or irritation......N7/39
    -do /meaning time(s)......N7/52
    Dochira-e?......N1/8-9, N2/111, N4/91
    dochira-sama......N8/150
    Dochirasama-deshoo-ka.......N8/8-9
    ...doita......N7/35
    Doita, doita.......N3/17
    Dokkoisho!......N7/131
    Dokoka!......N7/20-1
    ...dokoro-ka......N5/128-9
    -domo......N3/97
    Donata-deshita-ka.......N2/83
    donata(-sama)......N8/150
    donna......N7/8-9
    donna (what kind [of])......JW/50
    donna hito vs. doo-yuu hito......N7/9
    Doo-deshoo-ne......N3/28-9
    Doo-desu-ka.......N1/24
    doo ...eba ii-deshoo......N6/58-9
    Doo-itashimashite.......N1/75, N3/48-9
    Doo itashimashite. (Not at all, You are welcome.)......JW/51
    Doo omoimasu-ka.......N3/29
    Doo shita mon-deshoo-ne.......N4/40
    doo-yuu......N6/157, N7/8-9
    dooka......N8/101
    Dooka-to omoimasu.......N3/29
    doomo......N1/22-3, N2/90, N3/49, N7/133, N8/79, 107
    doomo (thanks, sorry)......JW/51
    Doomo ojama-shimashita.......N1/69
    Doomo osawagase-shimashita.......N8/46
    Doomo shitsuree-shimashita.......N1/30
    doose (after all, of course, anyway, at any rate,......AE/2
    doose......N2/74-5, 90
    ...dooshi......N4/76-7
    Dooyara kooyara.......N1/137
    doozo......N1/66-7, N2/9, N4/98-9, N7/17
    doozo (please)......JW/52
    doozo (vs. "please")......N8/100-1
    doozo (vs. dooka)......N8/100-1
    Doozo goyukkuri.......N3/134-5, N8/114-5
    Doozo oagari-kudasai.......N2/49
    Doozo odaiji-ni.......N1/51, N3/144
    Doozo ogenki-de.......N1/51
    Doozo oki-o tsukete.......N1/51
    Doozo sono mama.......N8/19
    Doozo vs. Onegai-shimasu......N4/98-9
    Doozo yoi otoshi-o (omukae-kudasai).......N1/50-1
    Doozo-yoroshiku.......N1/75, N2/36, N6/8
    dore......N1/40
    dore-mo kore-mo......N8/33
    doreka......N7/20
    doshi-doshi......N6/46
    doshin-doshin......N6/46
    .double negative......N4/61, N8/146-7
    .dropping of the "i" sound......N4/141, N7/34, 82-3
    .dropping of the "o" sound......N7/86-7
    e (picture)......JW/53
    -e vs. -ni......N8/138-9
    E?......N4/111
    (...sur)eba......N4/116
    ...-eba ii-deshoo......N8/142-3
    ...eba ii-noni......N5/98-9
    -eba vs. -temo......N3/53
    ee......N1/112
    Ee.......N3/58-9
    ee (yes)......JW/53
    ee, anoo, eeto......N2/106-7
    Ee, chotto.......N3/112-3, N4/90
    Ee, chotto soko-made.......N1/8, 25
    Ee, ee.......N1/14
    Ee, honjitsu-wa.........N2/106-7
    Ee, maa-ne.......N1/123
    eeto......N1/145
    eeto vs. anoo......N8/110-1
    eiga (movie)......JW/53
    .emphasizing adj. and verbs......N8/126-7
    .emphasizing the negation......N8/146-7
    .emphasizing the speaker's intentions or judgement......N8/16-7
    .end of business discussions......N6/18-9
    .ending telephone conversations......N8/102-3
    enpitsu (pencil)......JW/54
    .evaluation......N6/89
    .exchanging complaints......N7/108-9
    .existence, expressions of......N8/136-7
    .expectations......N6/88-9
    .explaining the reason why one was late......N7/72-3
    .expressing one's desires......N8/14
    .expressing one's will and wishes......N8/14-5
    .expressing the speaker's emotions vividly......N8/30-1
    .expression accompanying an action......N7/130-1
    .expression ending in ...nna......N7/8-9
    .expressions ending in ...yuu......N7/8-9
    .expressions for accepting an offer......N7/16-7
    .expressions for idling away one's time......N8/62-3
    .expressions for reporting......N7/58-9
    .expressions indicating change......N7/54-5
    .expressions indicating the subject......N6/152-3
    .expressions meaning "as you know"......N6/40-1
    .expressions meaning "enjoy"......N8/114-5
    .expressions meaning "Just as it is now"......N8/19-20
    .expressions meaning "must"......N7/126-7
    .expressions meaning "not all..."......N6/114-5
    .expressions meaning "please accept it"......N6/30
    .expressions of apology or gratitude about previou......N6/12-3
    .expressions of concern......N7/135
    .expressions of gratitude......N7/70-1
    .expressions of gratitude and compliments......N6/11
    .expressions of pleasure......N6/90-1
    .expressions of sympathy......N4/40-1
    .expressions used at the end of business discussio......N6/18-9
    .expressions used for introducing oneself......N3/68-9
    .expressions used for strong denial......N6/116-7
    .expressions used in the classroom......N4/110-1
    .expressions used when offering a gift......N8/22-3
    .expressions used when starting a statement......N6/126-7
    .family language......N6/97
    .family terms, use of......N2/138-9
    "finish ...ing", expressions meaning......N8/134-5
    .finishing up someone's statement......N4/84-5
    .first part of a sentence implying the rest......N6/132-3
    Furafura shite-imashita.......N1/92-3
    furareta (passive)......N1/45
    furisoo vs. furu-soo......N2/89
    furui (old)......JW/54
    furui vs. toshi-o totte-iru......N1/108
    futo (suddenly, unexpectedly, involuntarily, casua......AE/4
    .future action......N5/39
    "g" sound (in kagi, nasalized)......N1/127
    "g" sound nasalized......N7/115
    (...desu)-ga......N6/68-9
    (noun, pronoun)-ga......N6/153
    ga (Watashi-desu-ga...)......N1/26-7
    ...ga ii......N3/90-1
    ...ga itta-n-desu-ga......N4/47
    -ga nai vs. -ja nai......N8/82-3
    ...ga soo mooshimasu (iimasu)-node......N3/26-7
    ga vs. wa......N3/50-1
    (...desu) ga,.........N4/132-3
    gaijin (foreigner)......JW/55
    gakkoo (school)......JW/55
    gakusei (student)......JW/56
    Ganbaranakucha.......N1/71
    ganbare......N8/97
    gan-gan......N6/47
    garasu vs. gurasu......N3/99
    -gata......N3/97
    gekijoo (theater)......JW/56
    genki......N8/82-3
    genki (healthy, well, high-spirited)......JW/57
    genki-ja nai vs. genki-ga nai......N8/82-3
    .give, words meaning......N3/62-3
    .giving advice......N5/98-9
    .giving directions......N6/56-7
    .giving one's card to someone......N8/112-3
    .giving someone's name without any terms of respec......N6/29
    .giving uncertain information......N8/12-3
    go + adjectives......N8/43
    gobenkyoo-chuu......N3/125
    gobusata......N8/51
    Gobusata-itashimashita.......N1/75
    gochisoo-suru......N5/80
    Gochisoosama(-desguta).......N3/49
    Gochisoosama(-deshita).......N1/54-5
    gogo (afternoon, PM)......JW/57
    gohan (cooked rice, meal)......JW/57
    gojibun......N7/148
    Gokigen-yoo.......N6/15
    Gokuroo-sama (Thank you for your work)......JW/58
    Gokuroosama.......N1/116-7, N6/63
    Gomen-kudasai. (Is anybody home?)......JW/58
    Gomen-kudasai(-mase).......N6/15, 19
    Gomen-nasai.......N2/14-5, N3/101
    Gomen-nasai (Sorry!)......JW/59
    gomen-nasai vs. sumimasen......N2/15
    goran-ni naru......N6/120-1
    -goro (about, approximately)......JW/59
    goro-goro......N7/65
    goro-goro (-shite iru)......N8/62-3
    goro-goro......N1/93
    gorori-to, goro-t-to......N7/65
    (...kara) goshookai-itadaita mono-desu......N3/68-9
    gossori......N4/30-1
    Gotaikutsusama-deshita......N2/43
    gozaimasen /sounding like gozaasen......N7/114
    gozen (AM)......JW/60
    gozonji......N1/57
    Gozonji-desu-ka.......N6/40
    .gratitude about previous meetings......N6/12-3
    .gratitude for help......N6/38-9
    .gratitude for someone's help or kind action......N7/38-9
    .gratitude, expressions of......N8/50-1
    guai......N8/84
    guchi......N4/38-9
    guchi-o kobosu......N4/38-9
    guchi-o yuu......N4/38-9
    -gurai (about, approximately)......JW/61
    gurai (Soo-ne, mittsu-gurai)......N1/20-1
    ha ha ha......N3/66-7
    Ha?......N4/110-1
    haa......N2/14-5
    hadaka (naked)......JW/62
    haha (mother)......JW/62
    hai......N1/15, 112-3, N4/36-7
    hai (yes)......JW/62
    hai /implying you want to terminate the conversati......N7/96-7
    hai /used to call someon's attention to an action......N7/97
    hai /used to show polite attitude......N7/88-9
    hai /various uses of......N7/96-7
    .Hai and Soo-desu.......N7/88-9
    hai-to-iie......N3/58-9
    hai used to show finality......N3/18-9
    Hai, orimasen.......N2/68-9
    Haiken-shimasu.......N8/149
    haiku......N6/154
    hairu vs. ireru......N5/35
    haitte-iru vs. irete-aru......N6/134-5
    hajime-ni......N8/122-3
    hajime-wa......N8/122-3
    Hajimemashite.......N1/132, N2/36
    Hajimemashite. Doozo yoroshiku.......N1/75
    hajimete......N8/122-3
    Hajimete ome-ni kakarimasu.......N4/82-3
    hakkiri shinai......N6/47
    haku (to put on, to wear)......JW/65
    Hakusen-no-uchigawa-e sagatte omachi-kudasai.......N2/45
    hameru (to put on, to wear)......JW/66
    hanashikakeru......N6/118-9
    hanashikomu......N6/123
    .handing over a gift......N4/80-1
    hataraku (to work)......JW/66
    hatashite (sure enough, just as I thought, as expe......AE/6
    "Have a goo..."......N8/114-5
    .having the same meal......N5/78-9
    hayai (fast; early)......JW/67
    Hayai-desu-ne.......N1/36
    hazu......N4/144-5, N7/68-9
    hazu-ga nai......N6/116
    ...hazu-ga nai......N8/78
    hazukashii (ashamed, shameful, shy, embarrassed, e......JW/68
    .headache, description of......N6/46-7
    henji (answer)......JW/69
    hi (day, sun)......JW/70
    .hidden sentence subjects......N7/100-5
    higamu......N6/111
    -hiki (counter)......N8/74-5
    hikui (low)......JW/71
    hirihiri......N6/49
    hiroi (wide, broad, spacious)......JW/71
    hiru (noon, daytime)......JW/72
    Hisashiburi-desu-ne.......N5/102-3
    .hissing sound used when starting a statement......N2/107
    hito......N3/22-3, 80, N7/149
    hito (person)......JW/73
    hito-kuchi......N7/53
    hito-yasumi......N3/131, N7/53
    hitori-de......N7/149
    hitotsu......N7/53
    Hitotsu ikaga-desu-ka.......N3/131
    hitoyama......N2/98-9
    ho ho ho......N3/66-7
    hodo......N1/20-1
    hoken-o kakete-oku......N2/93
    homerareru......N4/126-7
    -hon (counter)......N6/128-9, N8/74
    Honnen-mo doozo yoroshiku onegai-itashimasu......N1/53
    honno......N6/50-1
    Honno hitotsu-desu-ga.........N3/63
    Honno kimochi-desu.......N6/50-1
    Honto.......N3/71
    honto-ni......N8/36, 60
    hontoo ni (really, truly)......JW/73
    hora......N4/36-7
    hoshii (to want [something])......JW/74
    .humble speech......N8/148-9
    hyotto suru-to......N6/94
    "I would like you to ..."......N8/108-9
    "i" dropped in ... ni naru......N7/83
    "i" dropped in -te-iru......N7/82
    "i" dropped in iku, itta......N7/82
    "i" dropped in irassharu......N7/83
    Ichi-ni-no san!......N7/130
    ichiban (the most)......JW/76
    ichido......N7/52-3
    Ichinichi-mo hayaku ogenki-ni nararemasu yoo-ni.......N2/121
    ichioo (generally, by and large, for the time bein......AE/8
    ichioo (ichioo oazukari-shimasu)......N1/82-3
    .identifying oneself with one's family members......N8/35
    ie (house, home)......JW/76
    ii (good)......JW/77
    Ii-desu.......N4/18-9
    ii-desu-ne......N5/124-5
    ii-ja arimasen-ka......N5/20-1
    ii jikan......N5/123
    ii kagen(-na)......N8/84-5
    ii tokoro......N6/100-1, N7/78
    ii toshi......N5/122-3
    ii-yo......N8/27
    Ii?......N8/155
    Iie.......N5/10-1
    iie (Iie, chigaimasu)......N1/10-1
    iie (no)......JW/78
    Iie, honno sukoshi-de.........N2/50-1
    Iie, kekkoo-desu.......N6/36
    Iie, koko-de shitsuree-shimasu.......N6/24
    Iie, motomoto chooshi-ga yoku nakatta-n-desu-kara.......N1/124
    Iie, sonna koto-wa arimasen.......N8/106
    Iie, tondemo arimasen.......N3/123
    iinikui......N2/132-3
    ...ijoo (meaning "now that")......N8/80-1
    Ikaga-desu-ka.......N1/24-5
    ikaga desu ka (How are you? How about such-and-su......JW/80
    ikemasen......N7/126-7
    ikemasen /left out......N7/98-9
    ikimashita vs. kimashita......N7/117
    ikimasu-ka vs. ikimsasen-ka......N7/22-3
    ikimasu vs. ikimashoo......N7/74
    ikiru......N7/50-1
    Ikoo-ka-to omoimasu.......N1/89
    iku (to go)......JW/80
    iku toki vs. itta toki......N6/75
    iku vs. kuru......N3/78-9
    iku-yo vs. iku-wayo......N7/95
    ima (now)......JW/81
    ima-doki (vs. kono-goro)......N8/88-9
    ima-goro......N4/48-9
    ima-goro vs. kono-goro......N4/48-9
    Ima nanji-deshoo-ka.......N2/66
    imasara......N8/78-9
    imasara-no yoo-ni......N8/79
    imooto (younger sister)......JW/82
    .imperative in indirect speech......N7/92-3
    .implying "too much"......N8/130-1
    .implying the sentence is going to be negative......N8/13
    inaku narimashita vs. nakunarimashita......N1/102
    .incomplete sentences as polite inquiries......N2/124
    .indicating certainty about what will happen in th......N8/14
    .indirect development of a conversation......N7/100-1
    .indirect expressions......N6/146-7
    .indirect expressions of disapproval......N4/118-9
    .indirect requests......N7/100-1
    .inquiring about someone's wishes......N8/20-1
    .intransitive verb + te imasu vs. transitive verb......N3/140-1
    .introducing a relative or colleague......N8/72-3
    .introduction......N2/64-5
    .introductory remarks......N4/133
    .introductory words with -ka......N7/20-1
    .inversion of phrases......N2/54-5
    ippai......N7/53
    ippai nomu......N3/130-1
    Irasshai.......N3/134, N5/54-5
    irasshai (Welcome [to our place]!)......JW/82
    Irasshaimase.......N1/17, N3/49, N5/54-5
    irasshaimasu......N1/29
    iru......N8/116-7
    iru (to be, to exist)......JW/82
    iru (to need)......JW/83
    iru vs. aru......N1/33
    isogashii (busy)......JW/83
    isogeba vs. isoidemo......N3/53
    issho (together)......JW/84
    issho-ni... suru......N5/116-7
    Issho-ni doo?......N2/103
    isso (had better, would rather)......AE/9
    Itadakimasu.......N1/54-5
    itadakimasu (I humbly accept)......JW/85
    itai (painful)......JW/85
    itai vs. iitai......N7/112
    itsu (when?)......JW/86
    Itsudemo ii-desu.......N1/140-1
    itsuka......N7/20-1
    itsumo-no-yoo......N5/69
    Itte-(i)rasshai.......N1/51, 62, N2/59, N6/16-7
    itte-irasshai (Hurry home!)......JW/86
    Itte-kimasu.......N1/62, N2/58
    Itte-mairimasu.......N1/62, N2/58, N6/16-7
    itte-mairimasu (I'm leaving)......JW/87
    iya......N2/51
    iya (unpleasant, awful, detestable, nasty)......JW/87
    iyo-iyo (increasingly, more and more, all the more......AE/10
    izure (which, either way, regardless, in any case)......AE/12
    izure mo (whichever, both)......AE/12
    izure ni shite mo (regardless of which one, whatev......AE/12
    ja......N2/18-9, 59
    Ja.......N6/14, 19, 63
    ...ja (contraction)......N7/34-5
    ...ja arimasen-ka......N8/126-7
    -ja nai (vs. -ga nai)......N8/82-3
    ...ja nai-ka-to omoimasu......N7/132
    ...ja nai(-ka)......N5/132-3
    Ja, ato-de.......N6/16
    Ja, ii-na.......N8/66-7
    Ja, itte-rasshai.......N1/25
    Ja, kore-de.......N2/59, N4/95
    Ja, kore-de shitsuree-shimasu.......N6/17
    Ja, kyoo-wa kore-de.......N2/59
    Ja, mata.......N2/59, N4/103, N6/14, 63
    Ja, sonna tokoro-de.......N6/18
    Jaa, kore-de.......N1/71
    ...jatta......N7/34
    -ji (o'clock)......JW/88
    jibiki (dictionary)......JW/89
    jibun......N7/148-9
    jibun (self)......JW/89
    jibun-de......N7/149
    jikan (hour, time)......JW/90
    jime-jime......N3/128-9
    jimusho (office)......JW/91
    jitsu ni (really, very)......AE/15
    jitsu-ni......N1/81
    jitsu wa (in fact, really, honestly, truely)......AE/16
    jitsu-wa......N1/80-1, N2/102-3, 140, N6/20-1
    jiyuu vs. juu......N1/107
    joobu (healthy, robust, strong)......JW/92
    joozu......N5/32-3
    ka (ikoo-ka-to omoimasu)......N1/89
    -ka /pronunciation of......N8/92-3
    ka in Soo-desu-ka......N6/142-3
    ka nanika (suugaku-ka nanika)......N1/95
    ka used to show reserve......N6/148-9
    ...ka(na)......N7/144-5
    kaburu (to put on, to wear)......JW/93
    kado (corner)......JW/93
    Kaeranakereba narimasen.......N4/32
    Kaeranakucha.......N1/70-1
    kaeri-de ii-kara......N3/82-3
    kaeroo-tto......N7/144-5
    kaeru (to return)......JW/94
    kaeru toki vs. kaetta topki......N6/74-5
    kaetta toki......N1/35
    Kaettara sugu denwa-shimasu.......N1/120-1
    Kaette-kudasai.......N1/38-9
    kagen......N8/84-5
    kagi vs. kani......N7/115
    kaimono (shopping)......JW/94
    kaisha (business company)......JW/95
    kakaru ([it] takes, costs)......JW/96
    kakegoe......N7/130
    ...kakeru......N6/119
    kaku (to write)......JW/97
    kamaimasen ka (Do you mind?)......JW/97
    kaminari (lightning, thunder)......JW/98
    ...kamo shiremasen......N5/60-1
    kamo shirenai......N6/94
    -kana......N8/67
    kanai......N5/120-1
    kanai (my wife)......JW/99
    kanai vs. tsuma......N6/28
    kangaeru (to think, to consider)......JW/99
    kanji /compounds......N6/67
    kankee-ga aru......N5/114-5
    kanojo......N4/20-1
    kanojo (she)......JW/100
    kanshin (admirable, praiseworthy)......JW/101
    kara......N6/26-7, N7/13,73
    karada (body)......JW/102
    karada-o kowasu......N3/24
    karari-to (karatto)......N3/128-9
    kare......N4/20-1
    kare (he)......JW/102
    kariru (to borrow, to rent [from someone])......JW/103
    karuta......N5/16
    kashikomarimashita......N8/27
    kashira......N7/125
    kashira (Dekiru-kashira)......N1/128-9
    kasu (to lend, to rent [to someone])......JW/104
    kata......N3/23
    Katta, katta.......N3/16-7
    kawa (river)......JW/104
    kawari (-ni)......N4/26-7
    kazoku (family)......JW/105
    kazu (number)......JW/105
    kedo (Hai, orimasu-kedo...)......N1/26-7
    ...kedo vs. ...kara......N2/76-7
    kekkon-suru (to get married)......JW/106
    kekkon-suru hito......N1/35
    kekkon-suru koto-ni narimashita......N2/80-1
    kekkoo......N8/152, 155
    kekkoo-desu(-ne)......N1/138
    kekkoo-desu......N4/19, N8/119
    kekkoo desu (that's fine)......JW/106
    kekkyoku (in the end, consequently, after all, fin......AE/18
    kekkyoku......N1/90-1, N2/74-5
    kenkoo......N8/83
    keredomo......N3/92-3, N6/68-9
    ...kerya......N7/35
    kesshite......N3/106-7, N4/129
    kesshite (by no means)......JW/107
    (...yoona) ki ga suru......N3/138-9
    ki-ga tsukimasen-de.........N4/88-9
    ki-ni naru......N5/73
    Ki-ni shinai.......N5/142-3
    ki-ni suru......N5/72-3
    Ki-o tsukenakucha ikemasen-ne/yo.......N1/37
    kibun-ga warui......N3/94
    Kikimasen.......N3/146-7
    kikoeru vs. kiku......N3/146-7
    kikoo-no see......N3/32
    kiku......N3/146-7, N4/8
    kiku (to listen, to hear, to ask [a question])......JW/108
    kimasu vs. kite-imasu......N1/102
    kimi (you)......JW/109
    kimochi-ga warui......N3/94
    kimono (kimono, clothing)......JW/109
    kinben......N8/83
    kinjo (neighborhood)......JW/110
    Kinoo-wa yoku furimashita-ne.......N1/100
    kiree-ni......N5/108-9
    kirei (pretty, beautiful, clean)......JW/111
    kirenai......N6/115
    (moo) ...kirenai......N8/130-1
    kiri-kiri......N6/44, 46
    -kiru......N8/134-5
    kiru (to put on, to wear)......JW/111
    kitatte vs. kittatte......N2/79
    kite-kudasai vs. kitte-kudasai......N1/115
    kite-kure-to iwaremashita......N2/101
    kitto (probably, most likely, presumably, certainl......AE/20
    kitto......N8/14
    ...kke......N2/83
    ...kko nai......N6/116-7
    .knocking......N4/78-9
    ko (child)......JW/112
    kobosu......N4/38-9
    kochira......N6/108
    Kochira ...desu.......N6/8
    kochira-koso......N1/74-5, 76, N6/8, N7/150-1
    Kochira-koso totsuzen ojama-shimashite.......N6/25
    kodomo (child)......JW/113
    kodomo-no toki......N1/103
    Koko-de shitsuree-shimasu......N3/35
    Koko-de tomete-kudasai.......N1/48-9
    koko-n toko......N7/86-7
    koko vs. kookoo......N7/112
    kokoro-bakari-no......N8/48
    Komarimashita-ne.......N4/40-1
    Komarimasu-ne.......N4/70-1
    komaru (to be at a loss)......JW/113
    komaru/komarimasu /used in a reprimand......N7/90-1
    komatta hito......N2/73
    Komatta-na.......N2/12-3
    komatte-iru/imasu......N7/91
    kome (uncooked rice)......JW/114
    ...komu......N6/122-3
    Konbanwa.......N1/17
    kondo......N4/34-5
    kondo no (next, this coming)......JW/114
    konna......N7/8-9
    konna fuu......N3/127
    konna guai......N3/127
    konna jikan-ni......N3/124-5
    Konna kanji-ni shite-kudasai.......N3/126-7
    konna koto-o onegai-shite-wa nan-desu-kedo......N2/146
    Konnano-de yokattara.......N3/142-3
    konnichi wa (Good day!)......JW/115
    Kon-nichi-wa.......N1/16-7
    kono......N6/150-1
    kono-aida (the other day, recently)......JW/115
    kono-goro......N4/48-9
    kono-goro (vs. ima-doki)......N8/88-9
    kono mama......N8/18-9
    kono tabi......N4/35
    Kono tabi-wa tonda koto-de.........N2/105
    kono vs. sono......N5/100-1
    konogoro (these days)......JW/116
    koo-yuu......N7/8-9
    Koo yuu mono-desu.......N3/68-9
    kooba (factory)......JW/117
    kooen (park)......JW/117
    koogi (lecture)......JW/117
    koohai......N3/44-5
    koohai (one's junior)......JW/118
    kookai (regret)......JW/118
    kore......N1/40, N6/150-1
    kore (this)......JW/119
    kore-kara ...tokoro......N7/78
    Kore-mo kekkoo-desu-ga.........N4/118-9
    kore vs. kore-wa......N8/86-7
    Kore-wa ii-desu vs. Kore-ga ii-desu......N3/90-1
    koro (approximate time)......JW/120
    korobu......N6/48
    koro-koro......N1/93
    korya......N6/68
    koso......N7/150-1
    kotaeru (to answer)......JW/121
    koto (thing, matter, fact)......JW/122
    koto /used to mean "necessity"......N6/98-9
    (...suru) koto-desu......N8/64-5
    ...koto-ni narimashita......N4/34-5
    koto-ni naru vs. koto-ni suru......N2/80-1
    ...koto-ni suru......N8/38
    koto-ni yoru-to......N6/94
    ...koto-wa ...desu-ga......N7/30-1
    kotozuke......N6/32
    kotsukotsu vs. kosokoso......N2/87
    kowai......N2/144-5
    Kowaremashita.......N1/125
    Kowashimashita.......N1/124-5
    kowashite-arimasu......N3/140-1
    -ku naru......N7/54
    -ku nasasoo......N7/29
    -kucha......N7/98
    kudasaru......N6/53
    -kun......N4/96
    -kun (suffix attached to a name)......JW/122
    kurasu......N5/107, N7/50-1
    kure......N7/72
    kureru......N6/53
    kureru vs. ageru......N2/128-9
    kuri-kuri vs. kura-kura......N2/87
    kuru (to come)......JW/123
    kuru hito vs. kita hito......N6/75
    kuru vs. iku......N3/78-9
    kuru yoo-ni iwaremashita......N2/101
    kusa (grass, weed)......JW/124
    ...kuse ni......N2/24-5
    kusuri (medicine)......JW/124
    kusuri-o nondemo......N3/52-3
    kutsushita (socks)......JW/124
    ...kya......N7/35, 99
    kyaku (visitor, guest, customer)......JW/125
    kyan-kyan......N3/67
    kyoo (today)......JW/126
    Kyoo-wa... deshita ne......N2/82-3
    Kyoo-wa donna fuu-ni shimashoo-ka.......N5/68-9
    Kyoo-wa nanika.........N2/115
    kyoodai (brother, sibling)......JW/126
    kyooju (professor)......JW/127
    kyooshuku-desu......N8/107
    .leave-taking......N2/62-3
    .leaving a message......N6/32-3
    .leaving out a verb phrase......N7/48-9
    .leaving out the last part......N7/56-7, 66-7
    .leaving out the subject of a sentence......N5/28-9
    .leaving the concluding part unsaid......N2/56-7
    .length of sentences......N7/18-9
    .listener anticipating what will come next......N6/133
    .listener participating in completing the speaker'......N6/137
    .loan words......N3/98-9
    .long vowels, pronunciation of......N7/112-3
    .looking for the right expression......N8/110-1
    "m" sound......N2/35, N7/114
    -ma (counter for rooms)......JW/128
    maa......N4/134-5
    maa (Maa-ne)......N1/123
    machigatte-iru-kamo shiremasen-ga......N2/116-7
    mada......N8/140
    mada ...te-inai......N6/70-1
    mada-mada (Iie, mada-mada-desu)......N1/136
    mae (before, ago, front)......JW/128
    magatte vs. mawatte......N7/115
    -mai (counter)......N8/75
    maido......N8/46-7
    Maido arigatoo-gozaimasu.......N3/49, N5/68-9, N6/62
    Maido gojoosha arigatoo-gozaimasu.......N2/43
    mairimasu......N3/70
    majime (serious)......JW/129
    .making a question sound less demanding......N8/8-9
    .making a request......N8/24-5, 150-1
    .making a request in a reserved way......N6/26-7
    .making explanations......N6/40-1
    .making sure that the other person finds it conven......N8/155
    makoto-ni......N8/22
    Makoto-ni tsumaranai mono-desu-ga.........N4/80-1, N6/30
    .male speech used toward women......N7/124-5
    ...mama......N8/18-9
    masa ni (surely, certainly, really, just, about to......AE/23
    masaka (surely not, impossible, absolutely not)......AE/21
    masashiku (certainly, surely, no doubt)......AE/24
    ...mase......N6/120
    ...masen-ka......N4/106-7
    ...masen-ka vs. ...masu-ka......N4/115-6
    mashi......N7/40-1
    ...mashita......N6/70
    mashite (even more, still more, much more, definit......AE/25
    ...mashite......N5/46-7, N6/81
    ...mashoo-ka......N8/20-1, 109
    ...masu......N7/74-5
    ...masu /used for future......N5/44
    ...masu vs. ...te-kudasai /used for giving directi......N6/56-7
    masu-masu (still more, more and more, increasingly......AE/27
    mata......N4/66-7
    Mata kite-kudasai.......N1/39
    mata kondo......N3/118-9
    mattaku......N8/36
    mazu (to begin with, first of all, in the first pl......AE/27
    .meals, words referring to......N8/56-7
    medetai......N3/73
    -mee (-sama)......N8/28-9
    meeshi......N6/9
    meeshi-o doozo......N8/113
    .men's and women's sentence endings in familiar co......N7/94-5
    meshi (cooked rice, meal)......JW/130
    meshi vs. ohiru......N7/124-5
    midori (green)......JW/130
    mijikai (short)......JW/130
    .mimicry words......N2/86-7, N6/140-1, N7/64-5
    mina-san (everyone, all of you)......JW/131
    minna vs. minnano......N3/54-5
    minshuku......N6/62, N8/84
    miru (to see, to look, to watch)......JW/131
    miru vs. mieru......N3/147
    mise (store)......JW/132
    mitsukaru vs. mitsukeru......N7/60-1
    mizu (cold water)......JW/133
    mo (ningen-mo)......N2/109
    ...mo suru......N4/116-7
    mochiron......N6/144-5
    modoru (to return, to go back, to come back, to tu......JW/133
    Modotte-kimasu.......N1/39
    ...mon-desu......N2/16-7
    ...mon-ja arimasen......N2/16-7
    ...mon(o)-desu-ka......N6/116
    ...mon(o)-desu-ne......N4/64-5
    ...mon(o)-ka......N6/116
    mondai......N4/16
    mono......N3/22-3
    mono /meaning "should"......N7/68-9
    moo ...kirenai......N8/131
    moo /uses of......N8/140-1
    Moo ichido itte-kudasai.......N2/96-7, N4/110-1
    Moo kaeranakucha.......N1/70
    moo sorosoro dekakenai-to......N2/56-7
    moo sugu......N8/140
    moo sukoshi-de ...suru tokoro-datta......N6/101
    Moo takusan-desu.......N8/118-9
    mookaru vs. moo kaeru......N2/118-9
    Mooshiagemasu.......N8/149
    mooshiwake arimasen......N7/17, 72-3
    mooshiwake nai-n-desu-ga.........N8/103
    moratte-morau......N4/24-5
    morau......N2/67
    moshi-moshi......N4/79, 102-3, N7/11, N8/98-9
    moshi-moshi (Hello)......JW/134
    moshika-shitara......N6/94-5
    moshika-suru-to......N6/94-5
    mottainai......N3/10-1, 145
    Motte-kimasu.......N1/32-3
    motte-kitageru......N7/34
    Muri-desu-wa.......N2/122-3
    muri-o suru......N3/24-5
    murina onegai......N3/25
    mushiatsui......N3/129
    mushiro (rather, would sooner)......AE/29
    .must, expressions meaning......N7/126-7
    muzukashii......N2/103
    ...n-da used as a command......N5/64-5
    n-desu (isogashii-n-desu-ka)......N1/100-1
    ...n-desu-ka......N4/108-9
    ...n-desu-kedo......N7/13
    ...n-ja arimasen......N6/138-9
    ...n-ja nai......N1/126, N4/137
    ...n-ja nai-deshoo-ka......N1/126, N7/132
    ...n-ja nai-ka-to omoimasu......N6/149
    ...n-ja nakatta......N4/137
    (suru)-n-nara......N8/70-1
    "n" sound (niman-en vs. niman-nen)......N1/109
    ...-na (added to a statement directed to oneself)......N8/66
    na (komatta-na)......N2/12, 123
    na (negative imperative)......N7/93
    ...-na (used as familiar confirmation)......N8/66-7
    ...-na (used when talking to oneself)......N8/30-1
    na /used for a familiar command......N6/84-5
    na /used for negative imperative......N6/82-3
    ...-na to omou......N8/30
    ...(na)n-desu-ga......N8/24-5
    ...(na)n-ja nai-deshoo-ka......N8/10-1
    naanda......N5/24-5
    Naani?......N4/112
    nado......N7/120-1
    nado (and so on, and the like)......JW/135
    nado-to yuu mono/koto/no......N7/120-1
    nagaiki......N7/50-1
    ...nai ...wa nai......N8/146-7
    ...nai-to komarimasu......N7/90-1
    ...nai uchi-ni......N4/22-3
    ...(nai)-ka-to omoimashite......N7/56-7
    ...naide-sumu......N7/14-5
    naka-naka......N8/101-, 126
    nakanaka......N3/108-9
    nakareta (passive)......N1/44-5
    ...nakereba......N7/126
    ...nakereba komarimasu......N7/90-1
    ...nakereba narimasen......N4/33
    ...nakereba narimasen/komarimasu......N7/99
    ...nakerya......N7/126
    ...nakucha......N7/98-9, 126-7
    ...nakucha dame-desu......N7/126
    nakunaru (to pass away)......JW/136
    ...nakute-wa......N7/126
    ...nakute-wa narimasen/ikemasen......N7/98
    ...nakya......N7/98-9, 126-7
    namaji (not fully, not thoroughly, thoughtlessly,......AE/30
    .name card......N6/9
    Nan-de-tte?......N4/111
    nan-desu-ga, nan-desu-kedo......N2/146-7
    nan-to iimasu-ka......N2/60-1
    nan-to mooshimashoo-ka......N2/61
    nan-to-naku......N3/139
    nan-to yuu-ka(na)......N2/61
    nande mata.........N4/66-7
    nandemo......N7/42-3, N8/12-3
    Nandemo ...soo-desu.......N8/12-3
    Nandemo ii-desu.......N1/141
    nani-kara nani-made......N8/33
    Nani-o sashiagemashoo-ka.......N8/21
    nanika......N7/20-1
    Nanimo gozaimasen-ga doozo.......N1/54
    Nanimo okamai-dekimasen-de.........N5/30
    nanji-deshoo-ka......N2/66
    ...nanka......N2/90-1, N6/153
    nanka (Boku-nanka dame-desu-yo)......N1/136
    ...nanka vs ...wa......N2/91
    ...nante......N7/120-1
    nantenatte......N2/79
    nantoka ...dekiru......N6/37
    nantoka (Ee, maa, nantoka)......N1/136-7
    naoru vs. naosu......N5/34-5
    naosu (to correct, to repair, to cure)......JW/137
    narareta (byooki-ni narareta, passive)......N1/45
    narau......N4/128-9
    narau (to study, to take lessons)......JW/137
    narau vs. oboeru......N4/128-9
    narimasen......N7/126-7
    narimasen /left out......N7/98-9
    naru......N7/54-5
    naruhodo......N2/20-1
    naruhodo (I see)......JW/139
    naruhodo-nee......N1/85, N2/21
    ...nasai......N6/84, 120-1
    Nasake-wa hito-no tame-narazu.......N3/80-1
    .nasalized "g" sound......N7/115
    ne......N6/143, N7/26-7
    -ne......N8/30, 66-7
    ne (Soo desu-ne)......N2/123
    ne /added to particles......N7/153
    ne /added to ...te......N5/143
    ne /phrases with......N7/152-3
    ne vs. yo......N1/36-7, 138-9
    neage-suru koto-ni narimashita......N2/81
    nee......N4/122-3, N5/8, N7/10-1
    .negation of a reason......N6/138-9
    .negative form in questions......N7/22-3
    .negative forms of ...soo desu......N7/28-9
    .negative imperative......N6/82
    neru (to go to bed, to sleep, to fall asleep, to l......JW/140
    netsu-ga aru......N3/95
    ...ni kaite-atta......N4/47
    ...ni kiita-n-desu-ga.........N4/47
    ...ni naranakereba... masen......N4/60-1
    ...ni narimasu......N5/58-9
    ...ni naru......N7/54-5
    ni-san......N8/91
    ...ni totte......N5/17
    ...ni vs. ...niwa......N5/16-7
    -ni vs. -de......N8/116-7
    -ni vs. -e......N8/138-9
    ...ni yoru-to......N4/46-7
    nihon-no (two)......N6/128-9
    Nihon-ryoori-wa taberaremasu-ka.......N1/133
    Nihon-wa nagai-desu-ka.......N1/133
    Nihongo-ga ojoozu-desu-ne.......N1/132-3
    nihonjin (a Japanese)......JW/140
    niisan-to oneesan......N2/138-9
    niko-niko, niko-t-to......N7/65
    nikoniko vs. nitanita......N2/86-7
    -nikui......N2/132-3, N7/84-5
    -nin (counter)......N8/75
    ...niwa itsumo osewa-ni natte-orimasu......N3/31
    ...niwa osewa-ni natte-orimasu......N6/10
    no /added at the end of a sentence......N3/46-7
    no /often becoming n......N7/86
    no-desu /becoming n-desu......N7/56-7
    ...no koto......N7/155
    ...no koto-da-kara......N4/130-1
    ...no koto-de chotto.........N4/16-7
    ...no koto-desu......N7/154-5
    ...no koto-desu-ga......N4/17, N6/126-7
    ...no koto(-o) vs. ni tsuite......N8/132-3
    no-ne (Aa, kyoo-wa isogashii-no-ne)......N1/128
    node......N6/26-7, N7/13
    ...node vs. ...kara......N2/33
    ...nomo shikata-ga nai......N7/139
    nomu (to drink)......JW/141
    nonbiri-suru......N6/93
    noni......N3/92-3, N6/76-7
    noni vs. keredomo......N6/76-7
    noroi (slow)......JW/142
    noru (to get on, to get into [a vehicle])......JW/142
    "not all..."......N6/114-5
    .not introducing someone present by his name......N8/72-3
    .nouns plus desu......N7/136-7
    ...nowa......N7/121
    noyone......N5/43
    nugu (to take off [clothing])......JW/143
    .number of syllables......N6/154-5
    .numbers, position of......N3/54-5
    .numerals, reading of......N3/86-7
    nurui (lukewarm)......JW/144
    Nyooboo-nimo kikasete-yaritai-to omoimashita.......N1/135
    o + adjectives......N8/42-3
    ...o + passive......N5/56-7
    o + stem form of verbs......N8/144-5, 148-9
    o /often dropping......N7/87
    o /plus stem plus desu-ka......N7/134-5
    o /plus stem plus desu-ka vs. o plus stem plus ni......N7/134-5
    o-ari vs. owari......N2/34-5
    o-isha-san......N2/84-5
    "o" sound, pronunciation of......N4/124-5
    O(machi)-desu-ka.......N8/144-5
    O(machi)-kudasai.......N8/144-5
    O(machi)-shimasu.......N8/148-9
    o, polite prefix......N2/84-5
    Oashimoto-ni gochuui-kudasai.......N2/44-5
    Obaachan, koko-e kakenasai-yo.......N1/129
    obaasan......N1/60
    obasan......N1/60
    obasan vs. obaasan......N1/43, N7/113
    oboeru......N4/50-1
    oboeru (to commit something to memory, to learn)......JW/145
    oboete-iru......N4/50-1
    Ocha-demo ikaga-desu-ka.......N1/13
    Ocha-demo nomimasen-ka.......N1/90-1
    Ocha-ga hairimashita-kara doozo.......N2/32-3
    Ocha-ga hairimashita-kedo.........N2/76-7
    Ocha-mo sashiagemasen-de.......N6/25
    Ocha-o doozo.......N1/66-7
    Odaiji-ni.......N2/105
    odaiji ni (Please take care [of yourself])......JW/145
    Odekake-desu-ka.......N1/25, N3/113, N4/90-1, N7/135
    .offering and receiving a gift......N8/48
    ofuro (bath)......JW/146
    ogenki desu ka (Are you well?)......JW/147
    ogoru......N5/80
    ohanashi-chuu......N3/125
    Ohayoo-gozaimasu.......N1/17
    Ohayoo gozaimasu. (Good morning!)......JW/147
    Ohikitome-shimashite.........N5/30-1
    ohiraki......N4/93-5
    Oi.......N1/58
    oi......N7/11
    oishisoo......N2/88-9
    oisogashii tokoro(-o)......N3/115, N7/79
    oite-oite-kudasai......N2/92-3
    Oitoma-shimasu.......N4/33
    ojama......N5/30
    Ojama-shimashita.......N1/68
    Ojama-shimasu......N1/68-9, N3/79
    ojama-shitai-n-desu-ga.........N3/79
    Ojama-shite-imasu.......N3/135
    ojiisan......N1/60
    Ojikan-o torimashite.........N5/30, N6/19
    ojisan......N1/60
    ojisan vs. ojiisan......N1/43, N7/112
    okaasan......N1/29
    okaeri-desu-ka......N7/134-5
    Okaeri-nasai. (Welcome home!)......JW/148
    Okaerinasai.......N1/63, N6/120
    okage......N3/33, N6/43
    okage-dama de (thanks to you)......JW/148
    Okagesama-de.......N1/72-3, 74-5, N6/39
    Okagesama-de yoku wakarimashita.......N1/135
    okane-ga nakute......N7/12-3
    okashi (confectionary)......JW/149
    oko-san (your child)......JW/149
    oku-san (your wife)......JW/150
    Okuchi-ni aimasen-deshoo-ga.......N1/125
    Okuni-wa dochira-desu-ka.......N1/133, N2/64-5
    okuru......N3/34-5
    okusan......N1/29, N7/129
    Okusan-mo iku?......N1/29
    okutte-kuru......N3/38-9
    okyakusama......N5/116-7
    okyakusan......N7/129
    Omachidoosama.......N3/60-1
    Omatase-(ita)shimashita.......N2/42, N3/60-1
    Ome-ni kakarimasu.......N8/149
    Omedetoo-gozaimasu.......N1/143, N2/104, N3/73
    Omedetoo gozaimasu. (Congratulations!)......JW/150
    omochi-shimashoo......N2/136-7
    Omochi-shimashoo-ka.......N8/20
    omochi-shimashoo vs. motte-agemashoo......N2/136
    omoidasu (to bring back from memory)......JW/151
    omoshiroi......N2/73
    omou (to think)......JW/151
    omowazu (instinctively, involuntarily, unintention......AE/31
    onaji (the same)......JW/152
    onajimi......N8/46-7
    onaka (stomach)......JW/153
    onaka-o kowasu......N3/94
    oneesan......N1/60-1
    Onegai-(ita)shimasu.......N1/49, 58-9, N6/23, 38, N7/16-7
    onegai-da-kara......N7/46-7
    Onegai-shimasu.......N8/101
    onegai-shimasu (I [humbly] request)......JW/153
    oniisan......N1/60
    onna......N5/114-5
    onna (female)......JW/155
    onna-no kuse-ni......N2/24-5
    onna-rashii......N2/24-5
    onna vs. onna-no-hito......N2/94-5, N6/132
    .onomatopoeic words......N6/140-1
    oo vs. oooo......N7/113
    ooi (many, much)......JW/155
    ookii (big, large)......JW/155
    .opening a conversation......N7/118-9
    oree......N3/120-1
    oree-no shirushi-ni......N3/121
    oriru (to go down, to get off)......JW/156
    orusu-ni......N6/34
    Osabishii-deshoo-ne.......N1/142-3
    Osaki-ni.......N2/92, N4/62-3
    Osaki-ni (shitsuree-shimasu).......N6/14-5
    osawagase-suru......N8/46-7
    oseji (vs. compliment)......N8/106-7
    Osewa-ni narimashita.......N8/69
    osewa-ni naru......N1/76, N5/114-5
    Osewasama.......N3/49, N6/63
    oshieru......N4/12-3
    oshieru (to teach, to tell, to inform)......JW/157
    oshieru vs. miseru......N4/12-3
    oshiete-itadaku......N8/58-9
    oshiete-kureru......N2/130-1
    oshiete-morau......N2/131
    oshigoto-chuu......N3/125
    Oshigoto-wa doo-desu-ka.......N1/73
    oshikomu......N6/122-3
    oshokuji-chuu......N3/125
    osoi (slow, late)......JW/158
    osoku natte......N7/12-3
    Osomatsusama-deshita.......N1/55
    Osoreirimasu.......N1/31, N2/135, N6/38, N7/17, N8/107
    osoreirimasu-ga......N1/79
    osoreirimasu-ga/kedo.........N8/144, 151
    otagai-ni......N1/146-8
    Otagaisama-desu.......N1/146-8
    otaku......N3/40-1
    otaku (your home)......JW/158
    Otaku-kara denwa-desu.......N6/29
    otaku-no minasan......N3/40
    Otaku-wa ii hoo-desu-yo.......N1/131
    otearai vs. otera......N2/118-9
    otesuu......N8/51
    otesuu-desu-ga......N7/17
    otetsudai-san ([house]maid)......JW/159
    otetsudai-sasete-kudasai......N3/143
    otoko......N5/114-5
    otoko (male)......JW/160
    otoko vs. otoko-no-hito......N2/94-5, N6/132
    otomo-suru......N4/10-1
    otoosan......N7/129
    otooto (younger brother)......JW/161
    otsukare-no tokoro-o......N3/115
    Otsukaresama.......N6/14, 62-3
    Otsukaresama-deshita.......N2/42-3
    otsuri (change)......JW/162
    owari......N4/94-5
    -owaru......N8/134-5
    owaru (to end)......JW/162
    Owasuremono-no nai yoo-ni.......N2/44-5
    oyaku-ni tachimasen-de......N3/133
    oyasumi-nasai (Good night!)......JW/163
    Oyasuminasai.......N6/120
    oyobitate......N6/19
    oyu (hot water)......JW/163
    .paper-recycling truck announcement......N8/46-7
    para-para......N3/129
    .partial negation......N3/56-7
    .particles at the end of sentences (ne, yo, wayo)......N8/30-1
    .particles meaning "in/at,etc."......N8/116-7
    .particles meaning "to"......N8/138-9
    .passive form......N1/44-5, N4/126-7, N6/54
    .phonetic changes in rapid speech......N7/82-3,86-7,98
    .phrases ending with -te......N7/12-3
    .phrases that can be said backwards......N3/64-5
    .phrases with ne......N7/152-3
    .physical distance between the speakers......N6/8
    piinattsu vs. nankinmame......N3/98-9
    pika-pika......N7/64-5
    pika-t-to......N7/64-5
    pikari(-to)......N7/64-5
    pittari......N6/140-1
    .plain form used in quoted parts......N2/101
    .plain imperative......N6/82, N7/92-3
    .plain negative used as a command......N5/142-3
    "please accept it"......N6/30
    .pleasure, expressions of......N6/90-1
    .polite expression of opposition......N7/132-3
    .polite expressions used by foreigners......N4/86-7
    .polite questions......N8/52-3
    .polite refusal......N8/48-9, 152-3
    .polite requests......N7/56-7
    .polite speech used to show distance......N3/42-3
    .politely asking about someone's opinion or wishes......N8/8-9
    .position of phrases indicating numbers......N4/125, N6/129
    ...ppoi......N6/110-1
    .praising one's family......N7/40-1
    .preliminary remarks......N6/126-7, N7/41
    .process of receiving a gift......N6/30-1
    .pronunciation "d"......N1/99
    .pronunciation "g"......N1/127
    .pronunciation making the meaning clear......N6/107
    .pronunciation of certain sentence particles......N8/92-3
    .pronunciation of the "o" sound......N4/124-5
    .pronunciation of the "tte" sound......N4/140-1
    .pronunciation: length of vowels......N1/42-3, 107
    .pronunciation: words with successive vowels......N2/119
    .pun......N6/155
    .pun between kaeru and kaeru......N7/145
    .questions, polite......N8/52-3
    .quotation......N7/93
    "r" sound......N2/35
    ra, re /becoming n......N7/35
    Rainen-ga yoi toshi-de arimasu yoo-ni......N2/120-1
    raisu vs. kome......N3/98
    -rashii......N2/24-5
    .readings of numerals......N3/86-7
    .redundancy......N6/60-1
    .refusal......N6/31, 36
    .refusal to an offer......N8/152
    .refusal, polite......N8/48-9
    .remember......N4/50-1
    .repeated expression of gratitude or apology......N6/13
    .repeating similar expressions......N6/19
    .replying to praise......N8/106-7
    .reporting something bad......N8/69
    .reserved endings......N7/132-3
    .responding to a compliment......N6/42-3
    .responding to compliments......N7/30-1, 40
    .responding to invitation-like comments......N8/60-1
    .response to intention/wish rather than verbal mea......N2/87
    .response, frequent (aizuchi)......N8/98-9
    .reversing word order......N5/52-3
    .rhetorical question......N6/116-7
    rikai-suru (to comprehend)......JW/164
    rikutsu-o yuu......N3/20-1
    roku de mo nai (worthless)......AE/32
    roku na ... nai (nothing worthwhile (+n), nothing......AE/32
    roku ni ... nai (almost nothing (+v), almost none......AE/32
    rusu (not at home)......JW/164
    ryokoo-suru (to travel)......JW/165
    sa (sentence particle)......N2/123
    saa.........N2/22-3
    Saa, dekakemashoo.......N2/23
    Saa, doo-deshoo-ne.......N2/22-3
    sagatte vs. sawatte......N7/115
    sakaya (saké store)......JW/166
    sake (saké, liquor)......JW/166
    sakihodo-wa......N6/13
    sakka (writer, novelist)......JW/167
    Sakunen-chuu-wa iroiro osewa-ni narimashita.......N1/53
    sama......N2/138
    -sama......N8/28-9
    samui (cold)......JW/167
    samuke-ga suru......N3/95
    Samuku narimashita-ne.......N1/36
    -san......N2/138, N4/96, N5/25
    -san (Raishawaa-san, otonari-san)......N1/18-9
    -san (suffix attached to a name)......JW/168
    -san added to the names of companies......N3/30-1
    -san-tachi......N3/96-7
    sanpo (walk, stroll)......JW/169
    sappari......N4/31
    sappari /uses of......N8/120-1
    sara ni (anew, again, further, more, still, not) a......AE/34
    .sarcasm, expression of......N7/141
    sareru......N6/66-7, N7/91
    -saseru vs. -te-morau......N8/40-1
    ...(s)asete-itadaku......N4/25
    sashiageru......N2/121, N3/62
    sasou......N4/8-9
    sassoku......N3/104-5
    sassoku-de osoreirimasu-ga......N2/141
    sassoku-desu-ga......N2/140-1
    sasuga (ni) (naturally, really, indeed, as expecte......AE/37
    satto......N6/140-1
    sawagaseru......N8/46-7
    .saying goodbye (in a telephone conversation)......N8/102-3
    Sayo(o)nara.......N1/51, 63, N2/58-9, N4/103, N6/14-5, 16, 19
    sayonara (Good-by)......JW/169
    see......N3/32-3
    Seeno!......N7/130
    sei-zei (no more than, at most, at best, nothing m......AE/40
    seifu (government)......JW/170
    seito (student, pupil)......JW/170
    sekkaku (especially, purposely, kindly, ought to,......AE/42
    sekkaku ...noni......N6/77
    sekkaku-desu-kara......N3/102-3, N8/48
    Sekkaku oide-kudasaimashita-noni.........N3/93
    .self-defense......N6/96
    semai (narrow, small in area)......JW/171
    semete (at least, at best, at most)......AE/44
    senjitsu (the other day)......JW/172
    Senjitsu-wa gochisoosama-deshita.......N1/46-7, N6/12
    Senjitsu-wa shitsuree-shimashita.......N1/46-7
    senpai......N2/139, N3/44-5
    senpai (one's senior)......JW/172
    sensee......N1/61, 98, N2/139
    sensei (teacher)......JW/173
    sentaku (washing)......JW/174
    .sentence endings in familiar conversation......N7/94-5
    .sentence particles......N2/123
    .sentence particles used by men and women......N5/86-7
    .sentence particles, pronunciation of......N8/92-3
    .sentence subject......N6/152-3
    (kaera) sete-itadakimasu......N3/42-3
    Shachoo-mo irasshaimasu-ka.......N1/29
    Shachoo-wa orimasen.......N2/142-3
    .sharply inhaling or sucking teeth during speech......N6/131
    ...shi......N7/66-7
    ...(shi)te-wa komarimasu......N7/91
    shibai (play)......JW/175
    shika (Sanjippun-shika arimasen)......N1/110-1
    shikaku (square)......JW/176
    shikashi......N2/28-9
    shikata-ga nai/arimasen......N7/138-9
    shiken (examination)......JW/176
    shiken-ni toorimashita......N2/67
    shikushiku......N6/44
    shimi-jimi (to) (dearly, sincerely, fondly, deeply......AE/45
    shimmiri (to) (sentimentally, quietly, intimately,......AE/46
    shinareta (passive)......N1/45
    shinde-imasu vs. shinisoo-desu......N2/106
    Shinnen omedetoo-gozaimasu.......N1/50, 53
    shinpai-suru......N5/72-3
    Shirimasen.......N1/56-7
    shiru (to get to know)......JW/177
    shitamachi (downtown)......JW/178
    shito-shito......N3/129
    Shitsuree-desu-ga.........N8/150-1
    Shitsuree-shimashita.......N2/15
    Shitsuree-shimasu.......N4/62-3, 103, N6/15,19
    shitsuree(-shimasu, -shimashita)......N1/30-1, 51, 69
    Shitsuree-shimasu. vs. Shitsuree-desu-ga.......N5/26-7
    Shitsurei-shimasu (Excuse me)......JW/179
    Shitte-imasu-ka.......N6/40
    shochuu-mimai (joo)......N5/62-3
    (o)shokuji......N8/56-7
    shoochi-shimashita......N8/27
    shoosetsu (novel, short story)......JW/180
    shoosetsuka (novelist)......JW/180
    Shooshoo omachi-kudasai.......N2/42
    shootai-suru (to invite)......JW/180
    .short and long vowels......N7/112-3
    .showing the speaker's reserve in expressing his o......N8/10-1
    shufu vs. shuufu......N1/42
    Shujin-ga itsumo osewa-ni natte-orimasu.......N1/76-7
    shujin vs. shuujin......N1/42-3, N7/112
    .signals to show that one is going to start talkin......N6/130
    .signals to show the start of business discussions......N6/20
    .signs and written instructions......N6/83
    .silence to show hesitation......N7/133
    soba......N3/72
    sochira......N6/108-9
    soko-de......N7/63
    soko vs. sooko......N7/113
    .something that the speaker cannot control......N6/72-3
    sonna......N6/117, N7/8-9, N8/79
    Sonna koto arimasen-yo.......N8/125
    sonna koto-o yuu mon-ja arimasen......N2/16-7
    sonna koto-wa arimasen......N8/106
    Sonna koto-wa arimasen-yo.......N1/37
    sonna vs. soo-yuu......N7/8-9
    sono......N6/150-1
    sono-gurai......N4/142-3
    sono hen......N2/111
    Sono hen-made ookuri-shimashoo.......N3/35
    sono kawari......N4/26-7
    sono-kurai......N4/142-3
    sono uchi......N4/58-9
    sono vs. ano......N6/150-1
    Sono yoo-desu.......N3/110-1
    -soo (ureshisoo)......N1/87
    Soo-da-ne.......N1/145
    Soo-deshoo-ka.......N5/8-9, N7/132-3, N8/9
    Soo-deshoo-ne.......N1/14, N5/8-9
    ...soo-desu......N6/34-5
    Soo-desu.......N7/88-9
    ...soo-desu (appearance)......N7/28-9, 42
    ...soo-desu (message)......N7/58-9
    soo desu (That's right)......JW/181
    Soo-desu-ka.......N1/14, N5/9
    soo desu ka (Is that so?)......JW/182
    soo-desu-ka /intonation of......N6/142-3
    Soo-desu-ne(e).........N1/144-5
    Soo-desu-nee.......N2/116, N3/84-5
    Soo iwanaide.........N4/100-1
    ...soo-ja nai/arimasen......N7/28-9
    Soo-ka.......N1/84-5
    ...soo-mo nai/arimasen......N7/28-9
    Soo-ne(e).......N1/145
    ...soo-nimo nai/arimasen......N7/29
    Soo ossharazu-ni.........N4/100-1
    -soo vs. mieru......N2/88-9
    soo-yuu......N7/8-9
    soo-yuu koto-de......N6/18
    Soo yuu wake-nimo ikimasen-yo.......N2/10-1
    soodan-suru vs. oshiete-itadaku......N8/58-9
    sootoo (pretty, fairly, tolerably, considerably, e......AE/47
    sore......N1/40-1, N6/150-1
    sore-da vs. sore-dewa......N6/136-7
    sore-dake......N4/74-5
    sore-de......N7/63
    sore-ga......N5/36-7
    sore-ja......N2/19
    Sore-ja, yoroshiku.......N6/18
    sore-mo soo-desu-ga......N8/37
    sore-ni shite-mo......N2/124-5
    sore-wa......N6/68, N7/36-7
    Sore-wa arigatoo-gozaimasu.......N3/36
    Sore-wa chotto,........N3/85
    sore-wa desu-ne......N2/52-3
    Sore-wa ikemasen-ne.......N1/130
    sore-wa soo-desu-ne......N8/36-7
    sore-wa soo-to......N2/140
    Sore-wa sore-wa.......N3/36-7
    sorede......N5/18-9
    Sorehodo-demo arimasen.......N3/123
    soro-soro......N8/34, N1/92-3, N4/29
    Soro-soro oitoma-shimasu.......N1/71
    Soro-soro shitsuree-shimasu.......N4/32
    sorya(a)......N6/68-9
    soshite......N5/18-9
    .sounding hesitant or apologetic when making a req......N6/27
    .sounds difficult to hear......N7/112-7
    .speaker and listener participating in a flow of s......N6/81
    .speaker-listener distance......N2/36-7
    .speaker's attitude......N6/134-5
    .speaker's will......N6/72-3
    .starting a statement......N6/126-7
    .stem plus -wa shinai......N6/106-7
    .stomachache, description of......N6/44-5
    .stopgap phrases......N2/60-1
    .(strong) denial......N8/125
    .(strong) denial of the other person's judgement o......N8/104-5
    .subjects determined only by the situation......N7/105
    .subjects indicated by the use of humble expressio......N7/103
    .subjects indicated by the use of polite terms......N7/102-3
    .subjects obvious from the situation......N7/104-5
    .suffering from someone's actions......N6/54-5
    .suggestion, making a......N7/52-3
    sugu......N3/104
    suki (to like)......JW/183
    sukkari......N4/31
    sukoshi (a little, a few)......JW/185
    sukoshi-mo......N3/107
    Sukoshi tsumete-kudasaimasen-ka.......N2/8-9
    sukunai (little, few)......JW/185
    Sumimasen.......N1/104-5, N3/100, N7/14, 72-3
    Sumimasen-deshita.......N6/39
    sumimasen-ga......N1/79, N2/9
    Sumimasen-ga/kedo.........N8/151
    sumu......N8/116-7
    sumu (live)......N7/50-1
    sumu (suffice)......N7/14-5
    sumu (to live [somewhere])......JW/186
    ...sureba yoroshii-deshoo......N4/54-5
    surimuku......N6/49
    suru (to do)......JW/187
    suru /used to mean "to cost"......N6/92-3
    ...suru koto-ga aru......N6/98-9
    ...suru koto-ni naru......N6/98-9
    ...suru koto-ni suru......N6/98-9
    ...suru-to komaru/komarimasu......N7/91
    sutto......N6/140-1
    suu-......N8/90-1
    suzushii ([pleasantly] cool)......JW/188
    .sympathy for sickness......N3/14-5
    .sympathy, an expression of......N8/69
    .sympathy, expressions of......N4/40-1
    -ta (passive form of verbs)......N1/34-5
    -ta /used to indicate a command......N3/17, N5/142-3
    -ta /used to indicate the completion of an action......N6/74-5
    -ta /used to show completion of an action......N3/17
    -ta /vs. dictionary form of adjectives......N5/96-7
    -ta bakari......N6/47, N7/145-7
    -ta form......N6/38-9
    -ta hoo-ga ii......N5/98-9, 146-7, N7/24-5, N8/54-5, 65
    -ta koto-ga aru......N6/98-9
    -ta tokoro......N7/79, 146-7
    -ta tsumori......N4/52-3
    tabako (cigarette)......JW/189
    tabena vs. taberu-na......N6/84
    taberu (to eat)......JW/190
    tabun......N6/94-5
    -tachi......N3/96-7
    -tachi (pluralizing suffix)......JW/190
    tada (nothing but, only, once, gratis, free, for n......AE/49
    Tadaima.......N1/63
    tadaima (I'm home)......JW/191
    tagai......N1/146
    -tagaru (ikitagaru)......N1/86-7
    -tageru......N7/35
    -tai (counter)......N8/75
    -tai (nomitai, ikitai)......N1/13, 86-7
    taihen (very, terrible, tremendous)......JW/192
    taihen /uses of......N8/68-9
    (Kinoo-wa) taihen-deshita.......N1/65
    Taihen-desu-ne.......N1/64-5, N1/42, N2/105, N4/40-1, N7/48-9
    Taihen kekkoo-da-to omoimasu.......N2/116-7
    Taihen shitsuree-itashimashita.......N8/103
    Taihen tame-ni narimashita.......N1/135
    taishita......N6/37
    Taishita koto-wa arimasen.......N3/112-3
    taka ga (only, merely, at most)......AE/54
    takai (expensive, high, tall)......JW/192
    takusan (a lot, enough)......JW/193
    takusan /uses of......N8/118-9
    .talking to oneself......N7/25, 144
    tame......N3/33
    tani (valley)......JW/194
    tanka......N6/154
    tanomu......N4/8, 14, N7/17
    tanomu-kara......N7/46-7
    tanoshii......N8/114-5
    tanoshii (happy, enjoyable)......JW/194
    tanoshii hito......N2/72-3
    tanoshimu......N8/114-5
    taoreru......N6/48
    -tara......N6/153, N7/79
    -tara doo-desu-ka......N8/55
    -tara doo(-desu-ka)......N5/98-9
    -tara ikaga-deshoo......N5/147
    -tara ikaga-desu-ka......N8/55
    -tara used to show irritation......N5/50-1
    -tara vs. -n-nara......N8/70-1
    -tari (Ocha-o nondari...)......N1/99
    -tari -tari suru......N3/116-7
    tashika (certainly, definitely, reliable, proper,......AE/55
    Tasukarimashita.......N3/132-3, N6/19, 39
    tasukarimasu......N7/17
    tasukaru vs. tasukeru......N3/132
    tasukeru......N4/138
    tasukeru (to help)......JW/195
    tatemono (building)......JW/196
    tatta (only, just, merely)......AE/58
    tazunete-kuru......N6/52-3
    -te /used as a command......N5/48-9
    -te /used to end a sentence......N6/80-1
    -te /used to indicate a reason......N6/72-3
    -te-ageru......N4/25
    te-form /used with expressions of apology and grat......N8/50-1
    -te-hoshii......N8/108-9
    -te-iku......N4/44-5, N7/55
    -te-imasen......N6/70-1
    -te-imasen vs. masen-deshita......N6/70-1
    -te-imasu......N5/38-9, 45
    -te-imasu vs. -soo-desu......N2/126-7
    -te-irassharu......N8/43, 44-5
    -te-iru tokoro......N6/101, N7/78
    -te-iru vs. ...te-aru......N6/134-5
    -te-itadaite.........N7/70-1
    -te-itadaku......N4/25, N6/104-5
    -te-itte-kudasai......N4/146-7
    -te-kara vs. -takara......N1/107
    -te-kimasu......N2/30-1
    -te-koreru, -te-kudasaru......N2/130-1
    -te-kudasai......N5/146-7
    -te-kudasaru......N7/38
    -te-kudasaru vs. -te-itadaku......N4/114-5
    -te-kudasatte.........N7/71
    -te-kurereba yokatta-noni......N5/66-7
    -te-kureru......N6/53, N7/38-9
    -te-kurete.........N7/71
    -te-kuru......N3/28-9, N4/42-3, N6/52-3, 113
    -te-miru (kekkon-shite-mimashita-ga)......N1/114
    -te-miru-to......N7/80-1
    -te-miru vs. ...(y)oo-to suru......N7/81
    -te-mitara......N7/80-1
    -te-mo ii......N5/110-1
    -te-moraitai......N8/109
    -te-moraitai-desu-ka......N8/20-1
    -te-moratte.........N7/71
    -te-morau......N2/131
    -te-ne......N6/80-1, 85
    -te-oku......N2/92-3, N6/135
    -te shikata-ga nai......N5/74-5
    -te-shimau......N4/126-7, N8/129
    -te-shimau /used to show regret......N7/32-3
    -te shiyoo-ga nai......N5/74-5
    -te tamaranai......N5/74-5
    -te vs. ...node, ...kara......N6/73
    -te vs. ...wa......N6/152-3
    -te-wa /used to emphasize contrast between two phr......N7/44-5
    -te-wa /used to indicate condition......N6/86-7
    -te-wa ikaga-deshoo......N5/147
    -te-wa ikemasen......N6/83,87
    -te-wa komarimasu......N6/87
    -te-wa vs. -eba......N6/86-7
    Tekitooni yatte-kudasai.......N3/136-7
    .telephone conversation......N8/94-,98-,102-
    -temo......N3/93
    tenki (weather)......JW/197
    .terms of respect......N4/96-7
    tetsudau vs. tasukeru......N4/138-9
    .thanking someone for his kindness to one's family......N6/11
    .thinking in kanji......N6/65
    to (door)......JW/197
    to (Ocha-to okashi-o...)......N1/99
    (...suru) to ii......N8/54-5
    ...to iimashite-mo......N7/77
    ...to ittatte......N7/77
    ...to itte-mo......N7/76-7
    ...to mooshimashite-mo......N7/77
    ...to omoimashite......N7/56-7
    to omoimasu......N1/88-9, N3/79
    ...to omoimasu......N8/10-1
    ...to omotte......N7/56-7
    to osshaimashita......N6/35
    to vs. toka......N8/76-7
    ...to yuu hanshi-desu......N7/43
    ...to yuu koto-desu......N7/43, 59
    to yuu-to......N2/46-7
    to yuu-to vs. to yuu-nowa......N2/46-7
    ...to yuu wake-desu......N7/122
    ...toita......N7/35
    toka......N8/76-7
    tokaku (frequently, often, repeatedly, tend to, be......AE/60
    tokei (watch, clock)......JW/198
    toki (time)......JW/198
    ...tokoro......N3/114
    tokoro......N7/78-9
    tokoro /contracted to toko......N7/86-7
    tokoro /used to mean "situation"......N6/100-1
    tokoro-de......N2/140
    ...tokoro-de......N6/101
    ...tokoro made-wa ikanai......N6/115
    toku vs. tooku......N7/113
    tomaru......N8/116-7
    tomaru vs. neru......N5/114-5
    tomo......N6/144-5
    tomodachi (friend)......JW/199
    ton-ton......N4/78-9
    tonari (next door, adjacent, adjoining)......JW/200
    tondemo nai (vs. iie)......N8/104-5
    .tone (KOKO-DE tomete-kudasai)......N1/48-9
    .tone and the speaker's intention......N6/69
    tonikaku (first of all, first, before that, especi......AE/62
    tonikaku......N3/8-9
    Tonikaku yatte-mimashoo.......N3/9
    -too (counter)......N8/74
    tooi (far, distant)......JW/201
    tootei (cannot) possibly, absolutely (not), not) a......AE/63
    too-too (finally, at last, in the end)......AE/66
    too-too......N1/106
    tootoo (finally, at last, in the end, after all)......JW/202
    toshi......N8/124-5
    toshi-desu......N8/124-5
    toshi-ni niawazu......N8/125
    toshi-o totte-iru vs. furui......N1/108
    totemo (doesn't at all, cannot possibly, never, ve......AE/64
    totemo (very)......JW/202
    Totsuzen ojama-itashimashite.......N6/25
    .transitive and intransitive verbs......N7/60-1
    tsugoo ga ii (convenient)......JW/203
    tsui (just, only, unthinkingly, unintentionally, c......AE/68
    tsui (...te-shimau)......N8/128-9
    tsui ni (in the end, finally, at last, after all)......AE/71
    tsuide ni (while, in passing, if you have the occa......AE/70
    tsuide-ni......N4/56-7
    tsukareyasui......N3/15
    tsukiai......N3/74-5
    tsukiai-kirenai......N8/131
    tsuku-zuku (thoroughly, entirely, sadly, regretful......AE/72
    tsuma......N6/28
    tsuma (wife)......JW/204
    tsumaranai (uninteresting, insignificant)......JW/204
    Tsumaranai mono-desu-ga.......N1/125, N3/62-3
    tsumaranai mono-desu-ga/mon(o)-da-kedo......N8/22-3, 48
    tsumari (in short, after all, in the end, in other......AE/74
    tsumetai (cold)......JW/205
    tsumetai vs. samui......N1/109
    tsumori......N4/52-3, N7/75
    tsure......N6/22
    tsurete-kuru vs. motte-kuru......N1/32-3
    tsutomeru......N8/116-7
    tsutomeru (to become employed)......JW/206
    -tsuu (counter)......N8/75
    -ttara nai......N4/72-3
    -ttara vs. ...tte......N4/73
    -tte......N4/68-9, N5/40-1, N6/35, 82-3, N7/59, 100-1
    -tto......N7/144-5
    "u" in masu, desu devocalized......N7/116-7
    uchi (home, house)......JW/206
    uchi-e kaetta toki......N1/35
    ...uchi-ni......N4/22-3
    uchi-no kaisha......N3/88
    Uchi-wa motto hidoi-n-desu-yo.......N1/130-1
    ukagaimasu......N3/79
    ukagau......N8/60-1,149,152
    ukkari (thoughtlessly, absent-mindedly, carelessly......AE/76
    ukkari......N2/102
    ukkari-suru......N8/129
    umai (skillful, delicious)......JW/207
    .understanding an implicit message......N4/88-9
    .unexpected development in conversation......N7/37
    .unnecessary subject in the second sentence......N7/37
    unten vs. doraibu......N3/99
    untenshu (driver)......JW/208
    ureshii......N6/90-1
    urusai (noisy, fussy, bothersome)......JW/208
    .use of desu and masu......N5/136-7
    .use of the negative form in questions......N7/114-5
    .use of wa......N5/134-5
    ushi (cattle, bull, cow, ox, steer)......JW/209
    .using greater number of steps......N6/127
    .using ne between phrases......N7/26-7
    Uso.......N3/70-1
    utsukushii (beautiful)......JW/209
    .verbal politeness......N6/104-5, 127
    .verbs ending in -ta or -da......N2/113
    .verbs often left out......N7/136-7
    .visiting someone without notice......N6/24
    .voiceless vowels......N7/116-7
    .vowels, length of......N7/112-3
    "w" sound......N2/34-5
    wa......N7/44-5
    ...wa ...da......N5/104-5
    ...wa (at the end of a sentence)......N8/16-7
    -wa (counter)......N8/74
    wa (isolating something from a group)......N8/32-3
    wa (kore vs. kore-wa)......N8/86-7
    wa (Muri-desu-wa.)......N2/122-3
    wa /leaving out......N6/153
    wa /used to indicate contrast......N7/106-7
    wa /used to mean "not all..."......N6/114-5
    ...wa arigatoo-gozaimashita......N7/70-1
    ...wa shitsuree-shimashita......N6/13
    wa vs. ga......N3/147, N6/78-9
    wa vs. mo......N2/109
    ...wa? (polite questions)......N8/52-3
    waka......N6/153
    wakai (young)......JW/210
    wakai toki vs. chiisai toki......N1/102
    Wakarimasen.......N1/56-7
    wakarimashita......N8/26-7
    Wakarimashita-ka.......N2/70-1
    Wakarimashita, hai.......N3/18-9
    Wakarimasu.......N4/105
    Wakarimasu-ka.......N2/70-1
    wakaru (to understand)......JW/210
    wakatcha......N7/44
    Wakatta.......N8/27
    wakatte-imasu......N4/104-5
    Wakatte-imasu vs. Wakarimashita......N4/104-5
    wake......N7/122
    wake (...wake-desu)......N1/118-9
    ...wake-desu......N7/122-3
    ...wake-ja arimasen......N3/56-7, N6/115, 138-9
    ...wake-ja arimasen-kedo......N3/84-5
    wake-niwa ikanai......N2/10-1
    wan-wan......N3/67
    -wane......N8/17, 67
    ware-ware (we)......JW/212
    warui (bad)......JW/212
    warui-kedo......N7/116-7
    Warui-ne.......N1/31
    warui tokoro......N6/101
    Warui-wane.......N3/101
    Warui(-desu)-ne.......N3/100-1, N5/124-5
    Warui(-ne, -wane).......N6/39
    Warukatta(-ne, -wane).......N6/39
    Wasshoi!......N7/131
    watashi......N1/120-1
    watashi (I)......JW/213
    watashi-ga vs. watashi-wa......N6/78-9
    watashi-wa......N7/106-7
    -wayo......N8/17
    ...wayone......N5/43
    waza-to......N1/98
    waza-waza (take the trouble to, especially, on pur......AE/78
    waza-waza......N1/98, N4/57
    .wife reporting her husband's absence from the off......N6/29
    .word play......N3/86-7
    .words meaning "give"......N3/62-3
    .words that can be said backwards......N3/64-5
    ...(y)oo-to omoimasu......N7/24-5
    ...(y)oo-tto......N7/144-5
    ya vs. toka......N8/77
    yahari, yappari (too, but then, as well, still, as......AE/80
    yamoya (surely not, absolutely not, impossible, no......AE/86
    yappari......N1/90-1, N2/75
    yari-kirenai......N8/131
    yaru......N3/62
    yaru (to do)......JW/214
    yaru vs. ageru......N8/34-5
    yaru vs. suru......N8/38-9
    yasashii (gentle, easy)......JW/214
    yaseru vs. yaseta......N1/34-5
    yasui (inexpensive)......JW/215
    ...yasui and ...nikui......N7/54-5
    Yasumasete-itadakimasu.......N3/42
    yasumi (vacation, absence)......JW/216
    Yasumono-desu-yo, konnano.......N1/10
    yasumu wake-niwa ikanai......N2/10-1
    yatara ni (recklessly, rashly, carelessly, randoml......AE/83
    yatto (finally, at last, just, barely, scarcely, o......AE/84
    yatto (finally)......JW/216
    yatto vs. tootoo......N1/106
    yo......N7/72
    -yo......N8/30, 92-3
    yo (...desu-yo)......N2/123
    yo (Soo-desu-yo)......N1/36-7
    yo /added to ...na......N6/84
    yo /added to ...te......N5/143
    yobu (to call)......JW/217
    yoi... o......N1/50-1
    Yoisho!......N7/130-1
    yoji vs. yooji......N7/113
    Yokatta-desu-ne.......N2/104
    Yokattara kite-kudasai.......N1/115
    yoku (often)......JW/218
    yoku /various uses of......N7/140-1
    Yoku irasshaimashita.......N3/134, N5/55
    yoku kite-kuremashita, -kudasaimashita......N2/131
    yoku nai-ne vs. yoku nai-wane......N7/95
    yonde-mite-itadakemasu-ka......N2/31
    yonderu......N7/34
    ...yone......N5/42-3
    yonjattara......N7/34
    yoo......N7/10-1
    -yoo (kekkon-shiyoo-to shimashita)......N1/114
    ...yoo-desu......N3/76-7, 100-1
    ...yoo-desu-ga......N7/132
    ...yoo-ni......N2/120-1
    ...yoo-ni naru......N7/54-5
    ...yoo-ni omoimasu......N3/111
    ...yoo-ni yuu......N4/14-5
    -yoobi (day of the week)......JW/219
    ...yoona ki-ga suru......N3/138-9
    yooyaku (finally, at last)......AE/87
    ...yori shikata-ga nai......N7/138
    yorokobu (to rejoice, to be glad)......JW/220
    Yoroshii-deshoo-ka.......N8/154-5
    yoroshikattara......N3/143
    Yoroshikattara meshiagatte-kudasai.......N3/63
    yoroshiku......N6/90
    yoroshiku (suitably, favorably, kindly)......JW/220
    Yoroshiku onegai-shimasu.......N1/59
    yoso......N3/88-9
    yosoiki, yosoyuki......N3/89
    yoso-yososhii......N3/89
    "you" in Japanese......N7/128-9
    yoyaku......N6/60
    yubi (finger, toe)......JW/221
    yukkuri (slowly)......JW/222
    yukkuri-suru......N6/93
    Yuremasu-kara gochuui-negaimasu.......N2/44-5
    yuugata (dusk)......JW/223
    yuumei (famous)......JW/223
    zaa-zaa......N6/141
    zaa-zaa furu......N3/129
    zannen (regret)......JW/224
    Zannen-desu-ne.......N2/104-5
    zehi......N8/14-5, 60-1
    Zehi oide-kudasai.......N8/14
    zenbu vs. zenbu-wa......N8/32-3
    zenryaku......N2/141
    zen-zen......N3/107
    zenzen ([not] at all)......JW/225
    zo (...da-zo.)......N2/123
    zoro-zoro......N1/93
    zuibun......N5/70-1, N8/118
    zuibun (very, quite, a lot)......JW/225
    zukin-zukin......N6/46
    zuki-zuki......N6/46, 49
    zutsuu......N6/47