1. Introduction of the characters
Simenon utilizes a very elegant process to bring us into contact with the world of Picratt's at the opening of the novel, the policeman Jussiaume, witness to Arlette's exit, provides our view. Through his eyes, we discover the characters of Picratt's... silhouettes descending into the night, details to be filled in later...
"the boss, short and fat" - Fred Alfonsi
"a silhouette that looked like a kid" - the Grasshopper
"two men, one carrying a saxophone case" - the musicians
"another man" - the waiter, Désiré
"a woman in a light-colored fur coat" - Tania
"the last two, always together" - Betty and Arlette
2. Arlette, the "little night-bird"
The whole story is haunted by two characters on the one hand the stripper, Arlette, and on the other, the mysterious Oscar. Arlette, the central character of the novel, is first presented to us in a quick sketch... physical (golden hair, lots of make-up, black satin dress) and personal (she had drunk too much, she seemed like a frightened child). Then, very quickly, we see her through the eyes of those she encounters, the contrasting relationships with each of them. The Sergent of the station house sees in her just "someone who takes her clothes off". With Lucas she presents herself more aggressively, and is someone he'd like to be rid of. Only Maigret sensed something else, and the first glance he gave her was already "a curious look". He even smiled at the retorts she tossed back at Lucas.
After her death, it's still through the eyes of others that we will discover her Lapointe, then Fred Alfonsi, then all the characters she came into contact with at Picratt's.
This is a character filled with nuance, who will reveal herself to be both the personification of the stripper, with her powerfully erotic side (consider particularly the numerous mentions of her "woman's scent", the descriptions of her nudity, and the reports of those who had made love to her), and at the same time a young person, almost still a child, rebelling against her past and her family origins. Maigret sensed well the duality of her character... "Rarely had he met a woman giving so strong an impression of sexuality, in contrast to her look of a frightened little girl". Maigret's entire investigation will consist of tracing Arlette's past, questioning all those who'd known her, to try to understand to truth of this woman, and why she had become a stripper. At the same time, the discovery of Arlette's past will allow the Chief Inspector to work out the personality of her killer, the enigmatic Oscar.
3. Oscar, a disturbing silhouette
This Oscar, who holds such an important place in Arlette's past, is a mysterious character in Simenon's novel. Long described as a silhouette, an "Identikit portrait" reduced to the minimum (small, stocky, gray-haired, old-ish), Simenon wanted to emphasize his "obscure power" over Arlette. We have to wait until Chapter 7 to discover his identity and a little of his past. And still, when the police track him to Montmartre, he remains "like a shadow, always more impressive than the reality that he reflects". It takes his moving arrest, and violent death at Lapointe's hands, to be relieved of the obsession he represents.
4. The contrasts
The entire novel is built of binary oppositions, contrasts between two realities, and all these are to underline the contrast-filled life and contradictory personality of Arlette:
- the contrast between Arlette's "bourgeois" origins and her present job, and that between the character of her aunt in Lisieux and that of Rose.
- the contrast between Arlette's life (her show at Picratt's and her "tricks" in hotels) and her apartment, maintained as if by a "very meticulous housewife".
- the contrast between the young, pretty Arlette, who will paradoxically always keep that image of youth through her premature death, and the Countesse von Farnheim, who may have once been young and pretty, but who drugs and multiple adventures had turned into an image of moral and physical decay.
- the contrast between Arlette's apartment, neat and well-maintained, and that of the Countess, dirty and disordered.
- the contrast between the two concierges, the one at Arlette's, Mme Boué, "calm, with an intelligent air"; and that at the Countess's, Mme Aubain, "pinched lips, acid".
- the contrast between Arlette, who did her strip-tease number in a way that no one else could, and Dolly, her replacement, gauche and awkward.
- the contrast between young Lapointe, in love with Arlette, a young policeman steady and conscientious, and young Philippe, the delinquent immersed in drugs, who lives off elderly women.
5. The little world of Picratt's
First of all, let's look at this quotation, from the site nocesdencre.ch :
"Picratt's is a bar almost mythical in Simenon's work. It appears, in fact, in a number of novels and stories published under the author's own name. Earlier, it was found at the center of five intrigues which were part of the popular novels Simenon signed with various pseudonymes: "[To the 28 Negresses] (published under the pseudonym Gom Gut, Paris, Editions Prima, 1925), [The Wedding in Montmartre] (published under the pseudonym Gom Gut, Paris, Editions Prima, 1925), [The Fire Goes Out] (published under the pseudonym Georges Sim, Paris, A. Fayard, 1927), Miss Baby (published under the pseudonym Georges Sim, Paris, A. Fayard, 1928) and [Victim of his Son] (published under the pseudonym Jacques Dersonne, Paris, J. Ferenczi et Fils, 1931)."
And from Peter Foord:
"This is not the first time that Simenon has used the name of Picratt’s for that of a bar or nightclub. There is mention of it in two of the novels written under pseudonyms, as well as in three early short stories and a novel under his own name. For these works, although having various locations mostly in Montmartre, Picratt’s is only indicated as a brief reference. It is in Maigret au Picratt’s that Simenon uses the establishment as the focal point of the novel"
In which novels did Simenon mention Picratt's? At the moment, I can find but one "The Man Who Watched Trains Go By" (it's at Picratt's that Kees Popinga debarks on arriving in Paris). What are the others? Can some online Simenon specialist tell us?
Next, I'd like to cite Michel Carly, who wrote in [Maigret across Paris], from Omnibus,
"Another metaphor of Pigalle: Picratt's, the night-club. "A kind of scarlet tunnel", sustained pink. Attraction, perdition. In this light, everyone strips themselves of their reality. … They've stepped over a line. The sex, the bodies, the attractions have taken a step beyond."
Simenon gives a great deal of importance to the description of the cabaret, whose decor is very symbolic a room of deep red, low and narrow, a little like an alcove where clients come to seek the pleasures of the night.
6. Reminiscences
One of the surest pleasures of the Maigret fan is to search from one novel to another in the Maigret cycle, the cross-references and reminiscences that the author enjoys strewing among the pages. Here are a few from this novel:
- the character of the Grasshopper, this sort of dwarf who acts as a messenger, will be evoked again by Simenon in IND (the Flea) and in COL (Mickey Boubée).
- the shoeless foot of Arlette's corpse will be echoed in JEU, where the body of Louise will also have a shoeless foot.
- Arlette's well-kept apartment, in spite of her job, reminds us of the polished apartment of the hostess Fernande in MAI.
7. Misc. Notes
- The character of Inspector Lapointe, who we met in MME, is fleshed out here and starts to take the place he will occupy in the series, that of Maigret's "pet", with whom he will develop a rapport almost like father and son, the son the Chief Inspector so much missed having...
"the two of them… seemed much like a father and son in a serious discussion" (Ch. 3).
- For emphasis: the lovely scene in Rosalie Moncoeur's kitchen, where Maigret's questioning is interspersed with his observations on the cook's work. We also find Simenon's humor:
"What's your name?
Maigret.
… A name easy enough to remember. Especially since you're fairly fat."
- the theme of the novel and the milieu described makes me think of another of Simenon's novels, outside of the Maigrets, in which the story takes place again in a nightclub with strippers... of course, Strip-Tease.
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